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== {{pill|Resources|bg1=#8f8|bg2=#8fa}} ==
{{pill|⚠ Work in progress|#fa8|#fc8|s=1.2}}


* '''[https://boardgamearena.com/group?id=14818266 Hanabi Training Academy]''' group.
== <div style="background:linear-gradient(45deg,#8f8,#8fa,#fff0 40rem);padding:.25rem .5rem;border-top-left-radius:.5rem;">Resources</div> ==
* '''[https://boardgamearena.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=102 BGA forum]'''.
* '''[https://hanabi.devnotebook.fr/ Situation generator]''' by [https://boardgamearena.com/player?id=83957253 Blacktango].
* '''[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VzgN6WoeYwh5NYtHECzUNZqFvpVcg-EdObU-YNMlyhc Reference for BGA]''' by [https://boardgamearena.com/player?id=84207926 Romain672].
* '''[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1sz3if8-9JJDAcbvdi3MHEAv9L5ljyHHnTSEACKk5RUY/edit Hanabi conventions as used on BoardGameArena]''' by [https://boardgamearena.com/player?id=84315928 Postmans].
*  '''[https://framagit.org/games/hanabi/-/blob/main/conventions_et_techniques.md Conventions et Techniques (French)]''' by [https://boardgamearena.com/player?id=83957253 Blacktango].
* '''[[Gamehelphanabi#Definitions|Definitions]]'''
* '''[[Tips_hanabi]]'''
* '''[https://boardgamearena.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=33694 Major revisions of Help & Tips]'''
<hr>
{{pill|⚠ Work in progress|bg1=#fa8|bg2=#fc8|s=1.2}}
{{pill|⚠ May contain opinions|bg1=#fa8|bg2=#fc8|s=1.2}}


== {{pill|Extraction|bg1=#aff|bg2=#cfd}} ==
<div style="columns:28rem;">
=== Guides ===


It is possible to extract a card that is 'blocked' by an unplayable card using two clues.
* '''[[Tips_hanabi]]'''
* 1st clue marks the target with '''colour'''.
* '''[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VzgN6WoeYwh5NYtHECzUNZqFvpVcg-EdObU-YNMlyhc Reference for BGA]''' by [https://boardgamearena.com/player?id=84207926 Romain672]
* 2nd clue marks the target with '''number'''.
* '''[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jKFqt9WbWAc1Dj3M2E_kwDwS3J0xeIp0UNkiqkLLApk Tips for end game]''' by [https://boardgamearena.com/player?id=84207926 Romain672]
* '''[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1sz3if8-9JJDAcbvdi3MHEAv9L5ljyHHnTSEACKk5RUY/edit Hanabi conventions]''' by [https://boardgamearena.com/player?id=84315928 Postmans]
* '''[https://framagit.org/games/hanabi/-/blob/main/conventions_et_techniques.md Conventions et Techniques]''' by [https://boardgamearena.com/player?id=83957253 Blacktango]


{{infoBoxes3 |state=collapsed
|title1=Extraction example 1: avalanche
|body1={{Hr}} {{Hy|1}} {{Hg}} {{Hb}} {{Hw}} {{Hm}}
{{cardholder|{{Hw|5}}{{Hy|4}}{{Hr|3}}{{Hg|5}} |Bob 🡲}}
{{cardholder|{{Hw|4}}{{Hg|4}}{{Hm|2}}{{Hy|2}} |Cathy 🡲}}


* Avalanche of colors option is on, so multicolour cards are marked by '''any colour clue'''.
=== Discussion ===
* Cathy's {{Hy|2}} should play before it is discarded.
* The focus of a 2 clue on its own will be {{Hm|2}} and the focus of a yellow  clue will also be {{Hm|2}}.


* Alice to Cathy: these 2 cards are yellow.
* '''[https://boardgamearena.com/group?id=20145062 Hanabi friendly real-time 3-5 players]''' ( {{beginner}} - {{master}} )
* '''[https://boardgamearena.com/group?id=14818266 Hanabi Training Academy]''' ( {{strong}} - {{master}} )
* '''[https://boardgamearena.com/group?id=8842138 greatest active hanabi players]''' ( {{expert}} - {{master}} )
* '''[https://boardgamearena.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=102 BGA forum]'''


{{Hr}} {{Hy|1}} {{Hg}} {{Hb}} {{Hw}} {{Hm}}
=== Tools ===
{{cardholder|{{Hw|5}}{{Hy|4}}{{Hr|3}}{{Hg|5}} |Bob 🡲}}
{{cardholder|{{Hw|4}}{{Hg|4}}{{Hm|2|{{y}}|1|1|c=}}{{Hy|2|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}}


* Bob to Cathy: these 2 cards are 2s - this fix clue changes the focus from the left 2 to the other 2.
* '''[https://hanabi.devnotebook.fr/ Situation generator]''' by [https://boardgamearena.com/player?id=83957253 Blacktango]
* '''[[Template:HCard]]'''
</div>


{{Hr}} {{Hy|1}} {{Hg}} {{Hb}} {{Hw}} {{Hm}}
== <div style="background:linear-gradient(45deg,#aff,#cfd,#fff0 40rem);padding:.25rem .5rem;border-top-left-radius:.5rem;">Interpretation</div> ==
{{cardholder|{{Hw|5}}{{Hy|4}}{{Hr|3}}{{Hg|5}} |Bob 🡲}}
{{cardholder|{{Hw|4}}{{Hg|4}}{{Hm|2|{{y}}|1|1|n=|c=}}{{Hy|2|n=|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}}


* ''Note: if a multicolour card is the intended target of a play clue, the clearest clue would be a colour that does not splash any other card.''
In order to play cooperatively, we need to mark playable cards to get them to play at the correct time.
To maximise cooperation, we need to be able to predict the possible moves of other players.
The cost of being able to predict moves is to limit the number of moves<!-- from [[#Back_to_basics 9]] to just 4:
# Play the leftmost unmarked card (or another unmarked slot if mid-layer)
# Play a marked card
#* and only when they don't have to do #1 or #3
# clue something
#* and only when they don't have to do #1 or #2
# discard rightmost unmarked card
#* and only when they don't have to do #1, #2 or #3


|title2=Extraction example 2: 5 colors
*When we give someone a clue, we are communicating something about the cards of their hand.-->
|body2={{Hr}} {{Hy}} {{Hg}} {{Hb}} {{Hw|1}}
*If a card is playable, logically we assume it will be marked by a clue before it is discarded (unless there is another copy visible).


: extract {{Hw|2}}:
<!--
# '''Alice''' to Cathy: these 2 cards are white.
{{InfoBoxes |state=collapsed |titleAlign=left
#* Focus is '''left'''.
|title1=Name that move #1
#:{{cardholder|{{HBack|2}}{{HBack|3|{{w}}|c=}}{{HBack}}{{HBack|2|{{w}}|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}} {{cardholder|{{Hr|2}}{{Hw|3|c=}}{{Hk}}{{Hw|2|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}}
|body1=
# '''Bob''' to Cathy: these 2 cards are 2s.
Alice clues Cathy {{HBack|2|n=}}
#* Changes focus from left to '''right'''.
* Bob plays {{hw|1}}
#:{{cardholder|{{HBack|2|n=}}{{HBack|3|{{w}}|c=}}{{HBack}}{{HBack|2|{{w}}|n=|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}} {{cardholder|{{Hr|2|n=}}{{Hw|3|c=}}{{Hk}}{{Hw|2|n=|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}}
* {{hw|1}} '''connects''' to {{HBack|2|n=}}, so Cathy plays {{HBack|2|n=}} as {{hw|2}}.


|title3=Extraction example 3: avalanche
|title2=Answer
|body3={{Hr}} {{Hy}} {{Hg}} {{Hb}} {{Hw|1}} {{Hm}}
|body2=Finesse obvs
: extract {{Hw|2}} with avalanche:
# '''Alice''' to Cathy: these 3 cards are white.
#* Focus is '''left'''.
#:{{cardholder|{{HBack|2|{{w}}|c=}}{{HBack|3|{{w}}|c=}}{{HBack}}{{HBack|2|{{w}}|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}} {{cardholder|{{Hm|2|{{w}}|white|c=}}{{Hw|3|c=}}{{Hk}}{{Hw|2|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}}
# '''Bob''' to Cathy: these 2 cards are 2s.
#* Changes focus from left to '''right'''.
#:{{cardholder|{{HBack|2|{{w}}|n=|c=}}{{HBack|3|{{w}}|c=}}{{HBack}}{{HBack|2|{{w}}|n=|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}} {{cardholder|{{Hm|2|{{w}}|white|n=|c=}}{{Hw|3|c=}}{{Hk}}{{Hw|2|n=|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}}
}}
}}


Since black powder can't be clued with colour, extraction is a little different:
{{InfoBoxes |state=collapsed |titleAlign=left
* 1st clue marks the target with '''number'''.
|title1=Name that move #2
* 2nd clue marks the card to the '''left of the target''' with '''colour'''.
|body1=
{{infoBox |state=collapsed
Alice clues Cathy {{hr|2|n=}}
|title=Extraction example 4: black powder
* Bob plays {{hw|1}}
|body={{Hr}} {{Hy}} {{Hg}} {{Hb}} {{Hw}} {{Hk|3}}
* {{hw|1}} '''connects''' to {{HBack|2|n=}}, '''but''' there is another 1 layered behind it in a playable position.
* Cathy *does not play {{HBack|2|n=}}, but '''discards''' or clues something unrelated.
* Alice does something unrelated.
* {{hw|1}} does not connect to {{hr|2|n=}} and Cathy could have bombed {{hr|2}} as {{hw|2}} '''unless''' Bob really has {{hr|1}}.
* Bob plays slot 2 as {{hr|1}}. {{hg|2}} successfully plays.
* Cathy now knows to wait for {{hr|1}} to play before playing {{HBack|2|n=}} as {{hr|2}}.


: extract {{Hk|2}}:
|title2=Answer
# '''Alice''' to Cathy: these 3 cards are 2s.
|body2=Layered Finesse
#* Focus is '''left'''.
#:{{cardholder|{{HBack|2|{{y}}|n=}}{{HBack|2|{{r}}|n=}}{{HBack|2|n=}}{{HBack}} |Cathy 🡲}} {{cardholder|{{Hy|2|n=}}{{Hr|2|n=}}{{Hk|2|n=}}{{Hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}
# '''Bob''' to '''Cathy''': this card is red.
#* Changes focus from left to '''right'''.
#:{{cardholder|{{HBack|2|{{y}}|n=}}{{HBack|2|{{r}}|n=|c=}}{{HBack|2|n=}}{{HBack}} |Cathy 🡲}} {{cardholder|{{Hy|2|n=}}{{Hr|2|n=|c=}}{{Hk|2|n=}}{{Hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}
}}
}}


=== Why extraction works ===
{{InfoBoxes |state=collapsed |titleAlign=left
|title1=Name that move #3
|body1=
* Alice clues Cathy {{HBack|2|n=}}
* Bob plays {{hr|2}}
* {{hr|2}} '''cannot connect''' to {{HBack|2|n=}}, end of responses.


# '''Alice''' gives a white '''colour''' clue to indicate to Bob that she is giving a '''play clue''' to Cathy.
|title2=Answer
# '''Bob''' has one job: don't let Cathy bomb. He sees that one of Cathy's marked white cards is playable, so he understands that he just has to help Cathy play the correct card:
|body2=Bluff
* If the '''leftmost''' white card is '''playable''', Bob does not need to do anything.
}}
* If the '''leftmost''' white card is '''not playable''', Bob needs to help with a follow-up '''''fix''''' clue.
-->
{|class="wikitable"style="width:auto;border-collapse:collapse;"
|+Valid clue types (not exhaustive)
!style="text-align:center;"|Situation
!style="text-align:center;"|Response
!style="text-align:center;"colspan=3|Receiver's Interpretation
!style="text-align:center;width:280px;"|Clue type
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Alice clues {{card|2}} to Cathy:


=== Why colour before number? ===
{{cardholder|{{hb|5}}{{hk}}{{hb|1|n=}}{{hk}} |Bob 🡲}}


* In each colour, only one card can be playable (two with avalanche), whereas there can be many playable cards of a certain number. So Alice singles out one colour to help Bob know her intention is for him to help Cathy play the correct card.
{{cardholder|{{hBack|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Cathy 🡲}}
* A colour clue can mark a '''chop card''' without looking like a save.
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Bob plays {{hb|1|n=}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|connects to {{hBack|2|n=}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Cathy 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{text|c=#088|w=bold|Prompt}}:
* {{text|c=#088|n marked plays connect to the target}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Alice clues {{card|2}} to Cathy:


=== How do I know it's not a finesse? ===
{{cardholder|{{hb|1}}{{hb|5}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Bob 🡲}}


The leftmost card may be 1-away-from-playable.
{{cardholder|{{hBack|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Cathy 🡲}}
But if Bob can see that one of the cards Alice marked with colour is playable, he will prefer to give a '''fix clue''' and '''not blind play his finesse position'''.
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Bob plays {{hb|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|connects to {{hBack|2|n=}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Cathy 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{text|c=#080|w=bold|Finesse}}:
* {{text|c=#080|n unmarked plays connect to the target}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=2|Alice clues {{card|2}} to Bob:


=== The everlasting exception: context ===
{{cardholder|{{hBack|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Bob 🡲}}


'''Context''' > '''convention''' and ''can cause an unconventional move!''
{{cardholder|{{hb|1}}{{hb|5}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Bob discards
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|must wait for
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|➕{{cardholder|{{hb|1}} |Cathy}}🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Bob 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=2|{{text|c=#080|w=bold|Reversed Finesse}}:
* {{text|c=#080|n unmarked plays connect to the target}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;"|Cathy plays {{hb|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;"|connects to {{hBack|2|n=}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;text-align:right;"|🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|{{cardholder|{{hBack}}{{hb|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Bob 🡲}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=2|Alice clues {{card|3}} to Cathy:


Think carefully about:
{{cardholder|{{hb|1}}{{hb|5}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Bob 🡲}}
# timing (why now?),
# negative clues (e.g. "not red"),
# recently discarded cards,
# unique cards,
# tokens needed for saves or other plays


{{infoBoxes |maxWidth=400 |state=collapsed
{{cardholder|{{hBack|3|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Cathy 🡲}}
|title1=Context example 1: timing
|body1={{Hr}} {{Hy}} {{Hg}} {{Hb}} {{Hw|1}}


* Bob has just discarded {{Hw|4}}
{{cardholder|{{hb|2}}{{hk}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Donald 🡲}}
# Alice to Cathy: this card is white.
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Bob plays {{hb|1}}
#:{{cardholder|{{HBack|5|{{r}}|n=}}{{HBack|5|{{y}}|n=}}{{HBack|4|{{w}}|c=}}{{HBack}} |Bob 🡲}} {{cardholder|{{Hk}}{{Hk}}{{Hw|3|c=}}{{Hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|connects to {{hBack|3|n=}}
#* '''Convention''' ⇒ '''prompt''' the '''marked''' white card.
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|➕{{cardholder|{{hb|2}} |Donald}}🟰
#* '''Context''' ⇒ '''finesse''' the '''unmarked''' card.
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|3|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Cathy 🡲}}
#** ''The marked white card is {{Hw|4}}''.
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=2|{{text|c=#080|w=bold|Long Finesse}}:
* {{text|c=#080|n unmarked plays connect to the target}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;"|Donald plays {{hb|2}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;"|connects to {{hBack|3|n=}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;text-align:right;"|🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|{{cardholder|{{hBack}}{{hb|3|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Cathy 🡲}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=3|Alice clues {{card|b|background={{b}}|color=white}} to Bob:


#:{{cardholder|{{Hr|5|n=}}{{Hy|5|n=}}{{Hw|4|c=}}{{Hw|2}} |Bob 🡲}} {{cardholder|{{Hk}}{{Hk}}{{Hw|3|c=}}{{Hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}
{{cardholder|{{hBack|2|{{b}}|c=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Bob 🡲}}


Convention prioritises marked cards to play (prompts) before unmarked card plays (finesses), but the timing of the clue can cause an unconventional unmarked card to play even though the white card ''could be'' {{Hw|2}}
{{cardholder|{{hy|1}}{{hb|1}}{{hb|5}}{{hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Bob discards
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|🡆 finesse
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|➕{{cardholder|{{hy|1}}{{hb|1}} |Cathy}}🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{cardholder|{{hBack}}{{hb|2|c=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Bob 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=3|{{text|c=#550|w=bold|Layered}} {{text|c=#080|w=bold|Finesse}}:
* {{text|c=#550|n unmarked plays don't connect to the target}}
* {{text|c=#080|n unmarked plays connect to the target}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#ffe;"|Cathy plays {{hy|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#ffe;"|looking for {{hb|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;text-align:right;"|➕{{cardholder|{{hb|1}} |Cathy}}🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|{{cardholder|{{hBack}}{{hb|2|c=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Bob 🡲}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;"|Cathy plays {{hb|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;"|connects to {{hBack|2|{{b}}|c=}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;text-align:right;"|🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|{{cardholder|{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hb|2|c=}}{{hBack}} |Bob 🡲}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=3|Alice clues {{card|2}} to Cathy:


# Context wins ⇒ '''Bob''' plays his unmarked '''finesse position'''.
{{cardholder|{{hy|1}}{{hb|1}}{{hb|5}}{{hk}} |Bob 🡲}}


|title2=Context example 2: double discard avoidance
{{cardholder|{{hBack|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Cathy 🡲}}
|body2=
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#ffe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Bob plays {{hy|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#ffe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|connects to {{hBack|2|n=}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|➕{{cardholder|{{hb|1}} |Bob}}🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Cathy 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=3|{{text|c=#550|w=bold|Clandestine Layered}} {{text|c=#080|w=bold|Finesse}}:
* {{text|c=#550|n unmarked plays appear to connect to the target}}
* {{text|c=#080|n unmarked plays connect to the target}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;"|Cathy discards
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;"|must wait for
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;text-align:right;"|➕{{cardholder|{{hb|1}} |Bob}}🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|{{cardholder|{{hBack}}{{hb|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Cathy 🡲}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;"|Bob plays {{hb|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;"|connects to {{hb|2|n=}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;text-align:right;"|🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|{{cardholder|{{hBack}}{{hb|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Cathy 🡲}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Alice clues {{card|b|background={{b}}|color=white}} to Cathy:


|title3=Context example 3: chop-focus play
{{cardholder|{{hr|1}}{{hb|5}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Bob 🡲}}
|body3= Discarded: {{Hr|2}}{{Hw|2}}
* Bob has discarded a playable {{Hw|2}}.
* Alice to Bob: this card is a 2.
* The conventional move is for Bob to save his 2 as '''either''' {{Hr|2}} or {{Hw|2}}.
* But the context contradicts this: Alice and Cathy would not allow him to discard {{Hw|2}} unless there is a 2nd copy visible.


# Bob plays his
{{cardholder|{{hBack|2|{{b}}|c=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Cathy 🡲}}
}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Bob plays {{hr|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|as {{hb|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|2|c=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Cathy 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{text|c=#800|w=bold|Bluff}}:
* {{text|c=#800|1 unmarked play doesn't connect to the target}}


==== {{Hk|5}} prompt extraction ====
⚠ All bluff targets must be one card away from playable
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Alice clues {{card|2}} to Cathy:


general case for directly clued finesse position?
{{hTable|2|2|2|1|2}}


== {{pill|When is it chop focus?|bg1=#aff|bg2=#cfd}} ==
Discarded: {{hb|2}}


[https://boardgamearena.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=37453 Travis Hall » 16 December 2023, 01:12]
{{cardholder|{{hb|2}}{{hk}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Bob 🡲}}
<blockquote>
When playing with high-level partners, I generally try to regard a number clue touching chop as chop-focussed unless there is a timeliness consideration.


(When playing with partners who are not high-level, who knows what they mean? A lot of players who can’t reach master are stuck because they expect guessing, and their partners to magically guess right.)
{{cardholder|{{hBack|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Cathy 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Bob plays {{hb|2}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|as {{hBack|2|n=}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{text|c=#080|w=bold|Trash Finesse}}:
* All targets are known to the receiver as unplayable before the first response.
* {{text|c=#080|n unmarked plays as if it were clued directly with the same clue}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=3|Alice clues {{card|2}} to Bob:


When I speak of a timeliness consideration, the most basic example is a finesse. This can only be clued when the next card to play is in finesse position. So, when giving a finesse, we can’t wait for the discard of the chop. For example:
{{hTable|2|2|2|1|2}}
Played: 2w
A: to move
B: (3w) x x x
C: (5m) x (4w) (4k)


A clues 4 to C. Cluing white is blocked by 5m. Cluing 4 can’t wait, because B will probably discard and 3w will move out of finesse. C can note the finesse response and adjust their expectation to play the left 4.
Discarded: {{hb|2}}


And I try to consistently clue the same way.
{{cardholder|{{hBack|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Bob 🡲}}


I recognise that many masters will clue 2s non-chop-focussed in the early game. Frankly, I’m not a fan, as this forces me to guess who does this and who does not, but I will guess because my rate of error is lower that way. I understand the consideration that 2s are the most valuable cards, but I’m not sure the risks are worth it.
{{cardholder|{{hy|3}}{{hb|2}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Bob discards {{hBack|2|n=}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|🡆 finesse
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|➕{{cardholder|{{hy|3}}{{hb|2}} |Cathy}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=3|{{text|c=#550|w=bold|Layered}} {{text|c=#080|w=bold|Trash Finesse}}:
* All targets are known to the receiver as unplayable before the first response.
* {{text|c=#550|n unmarked plays don't connect to the clue}}
* {{text|c=#080|1 unmarked play connects to the clue}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#ffe;"|Cathy plays {{hy|3}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#ffe;"|looking for {{hb|2}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;text-align:right;"|➕{{cardholder|{{hb|2}} |Cathy}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;"|Cathy plays {{hb|2}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;"|as {{hBack|2|n=}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;text-align:right;"|
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Alice clues {{card|1}} to Cathy:


Whenever somebody touches my chop with a number clue and expects me to play from the left, and I misfire, my question is always “Well, if my cards were the opposite way around, how would you have clued them?” Of the few who will answer that question at all, the answer is usually, “I would clue <number>,” and they don’t understand that this makes it impossible for me to do anything other than guess.
{{hTable|1}}
</blockquote>


Since we know we can extract a playable cards with colour + number clues, it follows that number clues that mark the chop card are interpreted as:
{{cardholder|{{hr|2}}{{hk}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Bob 🡲}}
# Unique save if the chop card can be unique
# Double discard save if the player either side of the receiver has a non-unique card of the same number
# Otherwise a left-focused play clue.


=== {{Hk|1}} ===
{{cardholder|{{hBack|1|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Cathy 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Bob plays {{hr|2}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{cardholder|{{hr|1|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Cathy 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{text|c=#800|w=bold|Trash Bluff}}:
* {{text|c=#800|1 unmarked play reveals the target is unplayable}}
⚠ Black powder: all bluff targets must be revealed to be trash and not lead to a promise bluff misinterpretation.
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=2|Alice clues {{card|3}} to Donald:


* {{card|1}} clues that mark the chop card are interpreted as a {{Hk|1}} save (unless the receiver already has a known play).
{{cardholder|{{hb|5}}{{hk}}{{hb|1|n=}}{{hk}} |Bob 🡲}}


* If a player can see {{Hk|1}}, it is logical to play all cards marked {{card|1}} from '''oldest to newest'''.
{{cardholder|{{hb|2}}{{hk}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}
The oldest is the most valuable {{card|1}} because otherwise it could have been discarded before cluing {{card|1}}.


Playing a chop card marked {{card|1}} can be played because:
{{cardholder|{{hBack|3|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
# {{Hk|1}} is visible (and the player who can't see it is '''promised''' {{Hk|1}})
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Bob plays {{hb|1|n=}}
#* This player should then track the newest position that can be {{Hk|1}}.
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|connects to {{hBack|3|n=}}
#** if this card reaches chop, it should not be saved with a direct clue.
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|➕{{cardholder|{{hb|2}} |Cathy}}🟰
#** if his card does receive a direct clue, it becomes a finesse.
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|3|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
# a playable {{card|1}} was '''discarded'''
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=2|{{text|c=#088|w=bold|Prompt}} + {{text|c=#080|w=bold|Finesse}}:
# a playable {{card|1}} was '''not bluffed'''
* {{text|c=#088|n marked plays connect to the target}}
* {{text|c=#080|n unmarked plays connect to the target}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;"|Cathy plays {{hb|2}}.
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;"|connects to {{hb|3|n=}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;text-align:right;"|🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|3|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=2|Alice clues {{card|3}} to Donald:


== {{pill|Strategy|bg1=#aff|bg2=#cfd}} ==
{{cardholder|{{hb|5}}{{hk}}{{hb|1|n=}}{{hk}} |Bob 🡲}}


=== Back to basics ===
{{cardholder|{{hr|1}}{{hk}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}


, we agree as a team that we must:
{{cardholder|{{hBack|3|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
Communicate to each other primarily via clues (as well as plays and discards)
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Bob plays {{hb|1|n=}}
Who: all
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|connects to {{hBack|3|n=}}
Where:  
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|🟰
When:  
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|3|n=}}{{hb|2}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
Why: To win with the highest possible score
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=2|{{text|c=#088|w=bold|Prompt}} + {{text|c=#800|w=bold|Bluff}}:
# What: not discard the last copy of any card.
* {{text|c=#088|n marked plays connect to the target}}
#* How: mark the last copy
* {{text|c=#800|1 unmarked play doesn't connect to the target}}


Two types of clues
⚠ This clue type is dangerous because Bob may not cooperate and try to bluff {{hr|1}} himself before responding to {{Hb|3|n=}}.
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;"|Cathy plays {{hr|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;"|as {{hb|2}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;text-align:right;"|➖ {{hb|2}} 🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|3|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=2|Alice clues {{card|3}} to Donald:


To separate We always mark unique cards before they are discarded
{{cardholder|{{hb|1}}{{hb|5}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Bob 🡲}}


Most of the time we understand that the clue giver should be the player directly before the clue receiver.
{{cardholder|{{hr|1}}{{hk}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}
This is because this seat has the newest information in view


Relative seats of clue giver & receiver
{{cardholder|{{hBack|3|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
When we allow any player to clue any hand, it allows for a lot more freedom to clue.
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Bob plays {{hb|1}}
Cluing more than 1 seat away can happen for a '''[[Tips_hanabi#Skip|number of reasons]]'''.
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|connects to {{hBack|3|n=}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|3|n=}}{{hb|2}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=2|{{text|c=#080|w=bold|Finesse}} + {{text|c=#800|w=bold|Bluff}}:
* {{text|c=#080|n unmarked plays connect to the target}}
* {{text|c=#800|1 unmarked play doesn't connect to the target}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;"|Cathy plays {{hr|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;"|as {{hb|2}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;text-align:right;"|➖ {{hb|2}} 🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|3|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=2|Alice clues {{card|b|background={{b}}|color=white}} to Donald:


when to discard - when player right of you has nice cards like 2s
{{cardholder|{{hr|1}}{{hb|5}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Bob 🡲}}
Delaying certain players with nice non-unique cards


Mark as many first copies of cards as possible to reduce the chance of getting '''bottom-decked'''.
{{cardholder|{{hb|2}}{{hk}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}
Bluffs are the easiest way to mark useful 1-away from playable cards.
Where possible,


=== Hand management ===
{{cardholder|{{hBack|3|{{b}}|c=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=2|Bob plays {{hr|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=2|as {{hb|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|➕{{cardholder|{{hb|2}} |Cathy}}🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|3|c=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{text|c=#008|w=bold|Promise}} {{text|c=#800|w=bold|Bluff}}:
* {{text|c=#800|1 unmarked play doesn't connect to the target}}
* {{text|c=#008|n unmarked promises connect to the target}}
*: (in the finesse position of at least one player)
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|2|c=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{text|c=#800|w=bold|Bluff}}:
* {{text|c=#800|1 unmarked play doesn't connect to the target}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=2|Alice clues {{card|4}} to Donald:


{{cardholder|{{hb|1}}{{hb|5}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Bob 🡲}}


=== Reverses with number ===
{{cardholder|{{hr|1}}{{hk}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}


Reverse finesses are often not great if the finessed card could instead be bluffed, however, it can be useful to mark a chop card as a reverse to ensure it is not discarded.
{{cardholder|{{hBack|4|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
* e.g. Alice sees Bob has {{Hw|2}} on chop and Donald just drew {{Hw|1}}. Normally the best moves would be for Alice and Bob to discard so that Cathy can bluff Donald's {{Hw|1}}, but {{Hw|2}} is more valuable than any bluff target Alice can see, so she chooses to reverse with colour.
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Bob plays {{hb|1}}
But what if reversing with colour would mark trash?
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|connects to {{hBack|4|n=}}
If we can finesse with number, why can't we also reverse finesse with number?
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|🟰
A reverse with number is usually harder to read than a reverse with colour, but they can be a lot more efficient than colour + multiple correction clues (to prevent future bombs).
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|4|n=}}{{hb|2}}{{hb|3}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=2|{{text|c=#080|w=bold|Finesse}} + {{text|c=#008|w=bold|Promise}} {{text|c=#800|w=bold|Bluff}}:
* {{text|c=#080|n marked plays connect to the target}}
* {{text|c=#800|1 unmarked play doesn't connect to the target}}
* {{text|c=#008|n unmarked promises connect to the target}}
*: (in the finesse position of at least one player)
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;"|Cathy plays {{hr|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;"|as {{hb|2}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;text-align:right;"|➖ {{hb|2}} 🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|4|n=}}{{hb|3}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=2|Alice clues {{card|2}} to Donald:


=== Multicolour reverses with colour ===
{{cardholder|{{hb|1}}{{hb|5}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Bob 🡲}}


<blockquote>
{{cardholder|{{hr|1}}{{hk}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}
We usually avoid reverse finesses in multicolour, because although multi does connect with any colour, if we reverse multis then responses to our most common play clues - colour clues to a playable card - just stop, all of them, if a playable multi is in someone’s blind finesse position. That can be very difficult to work around. Similarly, we often avoid number reverses, because if there’s both an available reverse to any card of that number and an immediately playable card of that number, the clue receiver has to guess at the correct move, and this can easily go wrong. Even so, when circumstance narrows the possibilities enough, we can sometimes do a number reverse safely.
</blockquote>
[https://boardgamearena.com/player?id=85786974 Travis Hall]


Multicolour reverses with a single colour can work, the most common situation being where the clue giver and receiver can both see a playable card of the colour clued either marked or in the finesse position in someone else's hand.
{{cardholder|{{hBack|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
Such a reverse will also trigger a [[Gamehelphanabi#Definitions|hesitation]] play.
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Bob plays {{hb|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|connects to {{hBack|2|n=}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=2|{{text|c=#800|w=bold|Double Bluff}}:
* {{text|c=#800|1 unmarked play appears to connect to the target}}
* {{text|c=#800|1 unmarked play reveals neither connect to the target}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;"|Cathy plays {{hr|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;"|as {{hb|2}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;text-align:right;"|➖ {{hb|2}} 🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|{{cardholder|{{hCard|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=3|Alice clues {{card|3}} to Emily:


=== When to GD ===
{{cardholder|{{hb|1}}{{hb|5}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Bob 🡲}}


* Token is needed
{{cardholder|{{hb|2}}{{hk}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}
* Protect cards
* Free plays from one ''or more'' hands.


GD without benefit is a 'zero value' GD and limits the freedom to clue.
{{cardholder|{{hr|1}}{{hk}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Donald 🡲}}


== {{pill|Context|bg1=#aff|bg2=#cfd}} ==
{{cardholder|{{hBack|3|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Emily 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Bob plays {{hb|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|connects to {{hBack|3|n=}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|➕{{cardholder|{{hb|2}} |Cathy}}🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|3|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Emily 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=3|{{text|c=#800|w=bold|Triple Bluff}}:
* {{text|c=#800|2 unmarked plays appear to connect to the target}}
* {{text|c=#800|1 unmarked play reveals none connect to the target}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;"|Cathy plays {{hb|2}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;"|as {{hb|2}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;text-align:right;"|🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|3|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Emily 🡲}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;"|Donald plays {{hr|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;"|as {{hb|3}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;text-align:right;"|➖ {{hb|3}} 🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|{{cardholder|{{hCard|3|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Emily 🡲}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=3|Alice clues {{card|2}} to Donald:


=== Using the last token ===
{{cardholder|{{hb|1}}{{hb|5}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Bob 🡲}}


Cause a valuable discard
{{cardholder|{{hr|1}}{{hk|4}}{{hk|3}}{{hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}
* Marked in a hand
* Unmarked in a hand


Following player has a locked hand
{{cardholder|{{hBack|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
* Cause a trash or duplicate discard e.g. {{Hk|5}} from {{card|5}} save.
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Bob plays {{hb|1}}
* Cause a play
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|connects to {{hBack|2|n=}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=2|{{text|c=#800|w=bold|Double}} {{text|c=#008|w=bold|Promise}} {{text|c=#800|w=bold|Bluff}}:
* {{text|c=#800|1 unmarked play appears to connect to the target}}
* {{text|c=#800|1 unmarked play reveals neither connect to the target}}
* {{text|c=#008|n unmarked promises connect to the target}}
*: (in the finesse position of at least one player)
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;"rowspan=2|Cathy plays {{hr|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fee;"rowspan=2|as {{hb|2}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|➕{{cardholder|{{hk|4}}{{hk|3}} |Cathy}} 🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|{{cardholder|{{hk|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|➖ {{hb|2}} 🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{cardholder|{{hCard|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Donald 🡲}}


=== Negatives ===
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{text|c=#800|w=bold|Double Bluff}}:
* {{text|c=#800|1 unmarked play appears to connect to the target}}
* {{text|c=#800|1 unmarked play reveals neither connect to the target}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=4|Alice clues {{card|2}} to Emily:


Write notes if necessary.
{{cardholder|{{hk}}{{hk}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Bob 🡲}}
# Keep track of your own negatives.
# Keep rack of all negatives.


Play finesse position e.g. multicolour bluff where:
{{cardholder|{{hm|1}}{{hk}}{{hk}}{{hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}
* a colour-marked card has a negative colour


Multicolour bluff target is clued with a single colour
{{cardholder|{{hm|2}}{{hb|1}}{{hb|5}}{{hk}} |Donald 🡲}}
* if it can be clued red, but another colour is chosen = finesse
* if it can't be clued red = prompt


{{cardholder|{{hBack|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Emily 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|Bob discards
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|🡆 finesse
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;text-align:right;"|➕{{cardholder|{{hm|1}} |Cathy}} 🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"|{{cardholder|{{hm|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Emily 🡲}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fff;border-top:8px solid #ccc;"rowspan=4|{{text|c=#808|w=bold|Patch}} {{text|c=#080|w=bold|Finesse}}:
* {{text|c=#080|Bob does not respond}}
* {{text|c=#808|n unmarked plays don't connect to the target}}
* {{text|c=#080|n unmarked plays connect to the target}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fef;"|Cathy plays {{hm|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fef;"|connects to {{hBack|2|n=}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;text-align:right;"|🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|{{cardholder|{{hm|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Emily 🡲}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fef;"|Donald plays {{hm|2}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#fef;"|disconnects {{hBack|2|n=}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;text-align:right;"|➕{{cardholder|{{hb|1}} |Donald}} 🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Emily 🡲}}
|-
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;"|Donald plays {{hb|1}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#efe;"|connects to {{hBack|2|n=}}
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;text-align:right;"|🟰
|style="border-color:#ddd;background:#eef;"|{{cardholder|{{hb|2|n=}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}}{{hBack}} |Emily 🡲}}
|}


=== Cluing ===
* [https://boardgamearena.com/archive/replay/250723-1404/?table=707409652&player=97777003&comments=84994396 Context color bluff]


Marking fewer than possible cards
=== Quiz: valid or invalid? ===
e.g. marking a single 2 with colour instead of multiple 2s with number = duplicate 2 in your hand


no prompt
{{InfoBox |state=collapsed |titleAlign=left |background=#eee |titleColor=#324
 
|title={{text|c=#800|Quadruple bluff}} {{text|w=500|(i.e. none of the four blind plays actually connect to the bluff target)}}
no save = non-unique
|body=✅ The first three blind plays will connect to each other and the last blind play reveals the clued card is not the next card in the sequence.
 
}}
<div style="columns:14rem auto;column-gap:2rem;white-space:nowrap;">
{{InfoBox |state=collapsed |titleAlign=left |background=#eee |titleColor=#324
: {{Hr}} {{Hy|5}} {{Hg|5}} {{Hb|5}} {{Hw}} {{Hclue|2}}
|title={{text|c=#800|Bluff}} + {{text|c=#080|Finesse}}
: {{cardholder|{{HBack}}{{HBack}}{{HBack}}{{HBack}} |Alice 🡲}} {{cardholder|{{Hw|1}}{{Hr|2}}{{Hk}}{{Hw|3}} |Bob 🡲}}
|body=❌ Bob would not respond if he sees the next connecting card.
# Alice to Bob: these 2 cards are white.
}}
# Bob plays {{Hw|1}}.
{{InfoBox |state=collapsed |titleAlign=left |background=#eee |titleColor=#324
# Cathy to Alice: these 2 cards are white.
|title={{text|c=#800|Bluff}} + {{text|c=#088|Prompt}}
#:{{cardholder|{{HBack|2|{{w}}|c=}}{{HBack}}{{HBack}}{{HBack|4|{{w}}|c=}} |Alice 🡲}} {{cardholder|{{Hk}}{{Hr|2}}{{Hk}}{{Hw|3|c=}} |Bob 🡲}}
|body=❌ Bob would not respond if he sees the next connecting card.
# Alice plays {{Hw|2}}.
}}
# Bob discards his chop.
{{InfoBox |state=collapsed |titleAlign=left |background=#eee |titleColor=#324
# Cathy discards.
|title={{text|c=#800|Double bluff}} + {{text|c=#080|Finesse}}
#:{{cardholder|{{HBack}}{{HBack}}{{HBack}}{{HBack|4|{{w}}|c=}} |Alice 🡲}} {{cardholder|{{Hw|4}}{{Hk}}{{Hr|2}}{{Hw|3|c=}} |Bob 🡲}}
|body=❌ Bob would not respond if he sees the next connecting card.
</div>
}}
 
{{InfoBox |state=collapsed |titleAlign=left |background=#eee |titleColor=#324
==== What is the best move for Alice? ====
|title={{text|c=#800|Double}} {{text|c=#008|Promise}} {{text|c=#800|bluff}}
 
|body=✅ Only with:
{{pill|A) clue {{Hw|3|n=}} }}
* number clue (otherwise it would be read as finesse + bluff) and
{{pill|B) clue {{Hw|4|n=}} }}
* black powder (otherwise it would be read as double bluff).
{{pill|C) play {{HBack|4|{{w}}|c=}} }}
}}
{{pill|D) discard {{HBack|4|{{w}}|c=}} }}
{{InfoBox |state=collapsed |titleAlign=left |background=#eee |titleColor=#324
{{pill|E) discard chop {{HBack}} }}
|title={{text|c=#800|Reverse bluff}}
 
|body=✅ Only when Bob is unable to respond (e.g. they must respond to a previous clue or give a fix clue.
{{infoBox |minWidth=max-content |state=collapsed |color=green
:There are other more complex contextual exceptions to this e.g. Bob must scream or generate a token for another player, but let's not discuss that here {{s;)}}.
|title=solution
:Example: [https://boardgamearena.com/archive/replay/250723-1404/?table=707388624&player=97777003&comments=84994396&goto=15 Reverse bluff '''when Bob is busy''']
|body={{pill|D) discard {{HBack|4|{{w}}|c=}} }}
}}
 
{{InfoBox |state=collapsed |titleAlign=left |background=#eee |titleColor=#324
# Alice's chop card was not marked before her '''free move''' to clue Bob, so she knows her oldest white card cannot be unique ({{Hw|5}}).
|title={{text|c=#800|Known bluff}} {{text|w=500|(when Bob cannot have the connecting card)}}
# According to good touch, Alice can assume her white card is also not a 3 and could be a 4.
|body=✅ If Bob does not respond, someone else will (and bomb).
# Alice sees Bob has a valuable {{Hr|2}} on chop, marked {{Hw|3}} and unmarked {{Hw|4}} in his finesse position.
:Example: [https://boardgamearena.com/archive/replay/250723-1404/?table=707409652&player=97777003&comments=84994396&goto=16 Known bluff]
In order to delay the future discard of {{Hr|2}}, the best move for Alice is to discard her non-unique white card to trigger Bob to play {{Hw|3|c=}}{{Hw|4}}.
}}
{{InfoBox |state=collapsed |titleAlign=left |background=#eee |titleColor=#324
|title={{text|c=#800|Trash}} {{text|c=#008|promise}} {{text|c=#800|bluff}}
|body=❌ What nonesense is this..
}}
}}


== {{pill|Interpretation|bg1=#aff|bg2=#cfd}} ==
<!--
in the game Alice clues Donald {{HBack|4|n=}}:
Bob plays {{hr|2}}: Donald will play {{hr|3}}{{hr|4}}
Cathy plays {{hm|3}}: Donald will


=== Finesse ===
What context could change Cathy's response?
-->


=== Bluff ===
== <div style="background:linear-gradient(45deg,#aff,#cfd,#fff0 40rem);padding:.25rem .5rem;border-top-left-radius:.5rem;">Extraction</div> ==


=== Layered Finesse ===
It is possible to extract a card that is 'blocked' by an unplayable card using two clues.
# Clue the target with '''colour'''.
# Clue the target with '''number'''.


=== Finesse + bluff ===
{{infoBoxes3 |state=collapsed |titleAlign=left |background=#088
|title1=Example 1: avalanche
|body1={{hTable||1||||m=}}
{{cardholder|{{hw|5}}{{hy|4}}{{hr|3}}{{hg|5}} |Bob 🡲}}
{{cardholder|{{hw|4}}{{hg|4}}{{hm|2}}{{hy|2}} |Cathy 🡲}}


* [https://en.doc.boardgamearena.com/Tips_hanabi#Finesse_bluff Tips page example]
* Avalanche of colors option is on, so multicolour cards are marked by '''any colour clue'''.
* [https://en.doc.boardgamearena.com/User:Sammy_McSam/Hanabi/Examples More complex example]
* Cathy's {{hy|2}} should play before it is discarded.
* The focus of a 2 clue on its own will be {{hm|2}} and the focus of a yellow  clue will also be {{hm|2}}.


== {{pill|Endgame|bg1=#aff|bg2=#cfd}} ==
* Alice to Cathy: these 2 cards are yellow.


When to discard, play, empty clue, clue duplicates and advanced techniques.
{{hTable||1||||m=}}
{{cardholder|{{hw|5}}{{hy|4}}{{hr|3}}{{hg|5}} |Bob 🡲}}
{{cardholder|{{hw|4}}{{hg|4}}{{hm|2|{{y}}|1|1|c=}}{{hy|2|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}}


=== The critical move ===
* Bob to Cathy: these 2 cards are 2s - this fix clue changes the focus from the left 2 to the other 2.


To work out the most efficient sequence of moves, you need to determine three things:
{{hTable||1||||m=}}
;Critical colour: the colour that takes the most turns to complete.
{{cardholder|{{hw|5}}{{hy|4}}{{hr|3}}{{hg|5}} |Bob 🡲}}
: ''(i.e. must start as soon as possible to maximise the score).''
{{cardholder|{{hw|4}}{{hg|4}}{{hm|2|{{y}}|1|1|n=|c=}}{{hy|2|n=|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}}
;Critical card: the first card of the critical colour.
: Note: this can be a '''duplicate''' of a card already marked!
;Critical move: the move that makes the critical card play.
: Note: this can be a '''clue''', '''play''' or '''discard'''.


: {{Hr|2}} {{Hy|5}} {{Hg|5}} {{Hb|5}} {{Hw|2}}
* ''Note: if a multicolour card is the intended target of a play clue, the clearest clue would be a colour that does not splash any other card.''


{{cardholder|{{HBack}}{{HBack}}{{HBack}}{{HBack|3|{{r}}|n=|c=}} |Alice 🡲}}
|title2=Example 2: 5 colors
{{cardholder|{{Hw|3}}{{Hk}}{{Hk}}{{Hr|4|n=|c=}} |Bob 🡲}}
|body2={{hTable|||||1}}
{{cardholder|{{Hk}}{{Hk}}{{Hk}}{{Hr|5|n=|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}}
{{cardholder|{{Hk}}{{Hk}}{{Hw|4|n=|c=}}{{Hw|5|n=|c=}} |Donald 🡲}}


{{infoBoxes3 |minWidth=max-content |state=collapsed |color=rebeccapurple
: extract {{hw|2}}:
|title1=What is the critical colour?
# '''Alice''' to Cathy: these 2 cards are white.
|body1='''Grouped by colour:'''
#* Focus is '''left'''.
:{{cardholder|c={{r}}|{{Hr|3|h=A}}{{Hr|4|h=B}}{{Hr|5|h=C}}{{Hk|h=D}} }}
#:{{cardholder|{{HBack|2}}{{HBack|3|{{w}}|c=}}{{HBack}}{{HBack|2|{{w}}|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}} {{cardholder|{{hr|2}}{{hw|3|c=}}{{hk}}{{hw|2|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}}
:{{cardholder|c={{w}}|{{Hw|h=A|hc=#324|c=}}{{Hw|3|h=B|hc=#324}}{{Hk|h=C|hc=#324}}{{Hw|4|h=D|hc=#324}} }} {{cardholder|c={{w}}|{{Hk|h=A|hc=#324}}{{Hk|h=B|hc=#324}}{{Hk|h=C|hc=#324}}{{Hw|5|h=D|hc=#324}} }}
# '''Bob''' to Cathy: these 2 cards are 2s.
#* Changes focus from left to '''right'''.
#:{{cardholder|{{HBack|2|n=}}{{HBack|3|{{w}}|c=}}{{HBack}}{{HBack|2|{{w}}|n=|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}} {{cardholder|{{hr|2|n=}}{{hw|3|c=}}{{hk}}{{hw|2|n=|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}}


'''white''' (1 clue + 3 plays + 4 empty = 8 turns)
|title3=Example 3: avalanche
|title2=What is the critical card?
|body3={{hTable|||||1|m=}}
|body2={{Hw|3}}
: extract {{hw|2}} with avalanche:
|title3=What is the critical move?
# '''Alice''' to Cathy: these 3 cards are white.
|body3='''Alice''' clues {{Hw|3|c}}
#* Focus is '''left'''.
#:{{cardholder|{{HBack|2|{{w}}|c=}}{{HBack|3|{{w}}|c=}}{{HBack}}{{HBack|2|{{w}}|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}} {{cardholder|{{hm|2|{{w}}|white|c=}}{{hw|3|c=}}{{hk}}{{hw|2|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}}
# '''Bob''' to Cathy: these 2 cards are 2s.
#* Changes focus from left to '''right'''.
#:{{cardholder|{{HBack|2|{{w}}|n=|c=}}{{HBack|3|{{w}}|c=}}{{HBack}}{{HBack|2|{{w}}|n=|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}} {{cardholder|{{hm|2|{{w}}|white|n=|c=}}{{hw|3|c=}}{{hk}}{{hw|2|n=|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}}
}}
}}


{{infoBox |minWidth=max-content |state=collapsed
Since black powder can't be clued with colour, extraction is a little different:
|title=Why it matters
# Clue the target with '''number'''.
|body='''Serialised:'''
# Clue the card to the '''left of the target''' with '''colour'''.
:{{pill|Play {{Hr|3}}}} {{cardholder|{{Hr|3|h=A}}{{Hr|4|h=B}}{{Hr|5|h=C}}{{Hw|h=D|c=}} }} {{cardholder|{{Hk|h=A}}{{Hw|3|h=B}}{{Hk|h=C}}{{Hw|4|h=D}} }} {{cardholder|{{Hk|h=A}}{{Hk|h=B}}{{Hk|h=C}}{{Hw|5|h=D}} }}
{{infoBox |state=collapsed |titleAlign=left |background=#088
:{{pill|Clue {{Hw|3}}}} {{cardholder|{{Hw|h=A|c=}}{{Hw|3|h=B}}{{Hk|h=C}}{{Hw|4|h=D}} }} {{cardholder|{{Hr|3|h=A}}{{Hr|4|h=B}}{{Hr|5|h=C}}{{Hw|5|h=D}} }}
|title=Example 4: black powder
}}
|body={{hTable|k=3}}


 
: extract {{hk|2}}:
: {{Hr|2}} {{Hy|5}} {{Hg|5}} {{Hb|5}} {{Hw|2}} {{pill|A) Play {{Hr|3}}}} {{pill|B) Clue {{Hw|3}}}}
# '''Alice''' to Cathy: these 3 cards are 2s.
 
#* Focus is '''left'''.
 
#:{{cardholder|{{HBack|2|{{y}}|n=}}{{HBack|2|{{r}}|n=}}{{HBack|2|n=}}{{HBack}} |Cathy 🡲}} {{cardholder|{{hy|2|n=}}{{hr|2|n=}}{{hk|2|n=}}{{hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}
{{cardholder|{{HBack}}{{HBack}}{{HBack|4|{{r}}|n=|c=}}{{HBack|3|{{r}}|n=|c=}} |Alice 🡲}}
# '''Bob''' to '''Cathy''': this card is red.
{{cardholder|{{Hw|3}}{{Hk}}{{Hk}}{{Hk}} |Bob 🡲}}
#* Changes focus from left to '''right'''.
{{cardholder|{{Hk}}{{Hk}}{{Hk}}{{Hr|5|n=|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}}
#:{{cardholder|{{HBack|2|{{y}}|n=}}{{HBack|2|{{r}}|n=|c=}}{{HBack|2|n=}}{{HBack}} |Cathy 🡲}} {{cardholder|{{hy|2|n=}}{{hr|2|n=|c=}}{{hk|2|n=}}{{hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}
{{cardholder|{{Hk}}{{Hk}}{{Hk}}{{Hw|5|n=|c=}} |Donald 🡲}}
 
 
{{infoBox |minWidth=max-content |state=collapsed |color=green
|title=solution
|body='''1. Group by colour:'''
:{{cardholder|c={{r}}|{{Hr|3|h=A}}{{Hk|h=B}}{{Hk|h=C}}{{Hr|4|h=D}} }} {{cardholder|c={{r}}|{{Hk|h=A}}{{Hk|h=B}}{{Hr|5|h=C}}{{Hk|h=D}} }}
:{{cardholder|c={{w}}|{{Hw|h=A|hc=#324|c=}}{{Hw|3|h=B|hc=#324}}{{Hk|h=C|hc=#324}}{{Hk|h=D|hc=#324}} }} {{cardholder|c={{w}}|{{Hk|h=A|hc=#324}}{{Hw|4|h=B|hc=#324}}{{Hk|h=C|hc=#324}}{{Hw|5|h=D|hc=#324}} }}
'''2. Serialise:'''
:{{cardholder|{{Hr|3|h=A}}{{Hk|h=B}}{{Hk|h=C}}{{Hr|4|h=D}} }} {{cardholder|{{Hw|h=A|c=}}{{Hw|3|h=B}}{{Hr|5|h=C}}{{Hk|h=D}} }} {{cardholder|{{Hk|h=A}}{{Hw|4|h=B}}{{Hk|h=C}}{{Hw|5|h=D}} }}
:{{cardholder|{{Hw|h=A|c=}}{{Hw|3|h=B}}{{Hk|h=C}}{{Hk|h=D}} }} {{cardholder|{{Hr|3|h=A}}{{Hw|4|h=B}}{{Hk|h=C}}{{Hr|4|h=D}} }} {{cardholder|{{Hk|h=A}}{{Hk|h=B}}{{Hr|5|h=C}}{{Hw|5|h=D}} }}
}}
}}


# Identify the critical colour - usually the player with the most unique cards, or consecutive cards of the same colour.
=== Why extraction works ===
# Work out how many clue tokens are needed to reach the critical player.
# If you only have one unique card, discarding although counter-intuitive, is often the best move to generate a token!


This was a simple example. Test yourself with some '''[https://en.doc.boardgamearena.com/index.php?title=User:Sammy_McSam/Hanabi/Examples more complex examples]'''!
# '''Alice''' gives a white '''colour''' clue to indicate to Bob that she is giving a '''play clue''' to Cathy.
# '''Bob''' has one job: don't let Cathy bomb. He sees that one of Cathy's marked white cards is playable, so he understands that he just has to help Cathy play the correct card:
* If the '''leftmost''' white card is '''playable''', Bob does not need to do anything.
* If the '''leftmost''' white card is '''not playable''', Bob needs to help with a follow-up '''''fix''''' clue.


=== When to discard? ===
=== Why colour before number? ===


With 5 '''flamboyants''', generating a token from a '''discard instead of a play''' may be the only way to reach the start of the critical path.
* In each colour, only one card can be playable (two with avalanche), whereas there can be many playable cards of a certain number. So Alice singles out one colour to help Bob know her intention is for him to help Cathy play the correct card.
* A colour clue can mark a '''chop card''' without looking like a save.


: {{HDeck|2}} {{Hr|4}} {{Hy|5}} {{Hg|5}} {{Hb|5}} {{Hw|3}} {{Hclue|0}}
=== How do I know it's not a finesse? ===


{{cardholder|{{HBack}}{{HBack}}{{HBack}}{{HBack|5|{{r}}|n=|c=}} |Alice 🡲}}
* The leftmost card may be 1-away-from-playable.
{{cardholder|{{Hk}}{{Hk}}{{Hk}}{{Hk}} |Bob 🡲}}
But if Bob can see that one of the cards Alice marked with colour is playable, he will prefer to give a '''fix clue''' and '''not blind play his finesse position'''.
{{cardholder|{{Hk}}{{Hk}}{{Hw|4|n=|c=}}{{Hw|5|n=|c=}} |Cathy 🡲}}
* As Bob, consider the choice of clue:
** if Alice wanted to finesse 2b with a playable 1m in front, why skip players to give specifically a blue clue (why not another colour or number)?
** if Alice wanted to finesse 4k with a playable 4r in front, why skip players to give specficially a 4 clue (why not red)?


{{infoBoxes3 |minWidth=max-content |state=collapsed |color=rebeccapurple
=== The everlasting exception: context ===
|title1=What is the critical colour?
|body1='''Grouped by colour:'''
:{{cardholder|c={{w}}|{{Hk|h=A|hc=#324}}{{Hk|h=B|hc=#324}}{{Hw|4|h=C|hc=#324}} }} {{cardholder|c={{w}}|{{Hk|h=A|hc=#324}}{{Hk|h=B|hc=#324}}{{Hw|5|h=C|hc=#324}} }}


'''white''' (2 plays + 2 empty = 4 turns)
'''Context''' > '''convention''' and ''can cause an unconventional move!''
|title2=What is the critical card?
|body2={{Hw|4}}
|title3=Who is the critical player?
|body3='''Cathy'''
}}


* To reach Cathy with a least {{HDeck|1}} remaining, only one of Bob or Alice can draw a card.
Think carefully about:
* '''Alice''' cannot clue ({{Hclue|0|size=1.2}}) and '''must generate a token''' for Bob so that he can give a stall clue to avoid drawing the last card.
# timing (why now?),
* Without 5 flamboyants Alice would just play her {{card|5}} which generates a token.
# negative clues (e.g. "not red"),
* With 5 flamboyants Alice can't know if playing her {{card|5}} will generate a token, so Alice '''discards''' and '''plays after''' Cathy's '''critical card''' ({{Hw|4}}).
# recently discarded cards,
# unique cards,
# tokens needed for saves or other plays


==== General case with 5 flamboyants ====
==== Examples ====


When Alice '''does not have''' a card of the '''critical colour''', then '''discarding is better than playing!'''
{{cardholder|{{Hb|2|c=}}{{Hm|1|{{b}}|c=}}{{Hk}}{{Hk}}|Cathy 🡲}}
{{cardholder|{{Hm|1|{{b}}|c=}}{{Hb|2|c=}}{{Hk}}{{Hk}}|Cathy 🡲}}


=== Order of plays ===
Played: {{Hy|2}} {{cardholder|{{HBack}}{{HBack}}{{HBack|5|{{y}}|c=}}{{HBack|5|{{b}}|c=}}|Bob 🡲}}
{{cardholder|{{hy|4}}{{hk|4}}{{hk}}{{hk}}|Cathy 🡲}}


Where the order may seem arbitrary, prioritise from most out-of-order to consecutive plays
{{cardholder|{{HBack}}{{HBack}}{{HBack|5|{{y}}|c=}}{{HBack|5|{{b}}|c=}}|Bob 🡲}}
543, 435, 345
{{cardholder|{{hy|4|n=}}{{hk|4|n=}}{{hk}}{{hk}}|Cathy 🡲}}
* Alice clues 4s to Cathy. How should Bob respond?
{{InfoBoxes |state=collapsed |titleAlign=left |background1=green |background2=rebeccapurple
|title1=Answer
|body1=
With no context, the interpretation falls to the fewest blind plays: i.e. prefer to play the marked {{HBack|5|{{y}}|c=}} as {{hy|3}} rather than slot 1 as {{hk|5}}.


=== Replace flamboyant ===
|title2=What context could change this interpretation?
|body2=
Some possible answers:
# Bob has negative 3.
# Bob had {{hy|2|c=}} which was marked with number 2 instead of a number 3 fix, and either:
## Bob did not discard what would have been a trash 3
## {{hy|4}} was discarded when it could have easily been marked to prompt {{hy|3}}


The decision of which card to replace (or to skip) can communicate information to the team.
[https://boardgamearena.com/archive/replay/250619-1450/?table=694442815&player=84994396&comments=84994396;&goto=22 In this game] the context was 2.1:  [https://boardgamearena.com/archive/replay/250619-1450/?table=694442815&player=84994396&comments=84994396;&goto=22 On move 23] a fix clue was given with number 2 instead of 3, Bob can know that their {{HBack|5|{{y}}|c=}} is not {{hy|3}} (else the fix should be 3¹, not 2).
Priority highest to lowest:
This is why it is important for each player to pay attention to how their own cards are fixed (and what cards they discard afterwards).
# lowest rank unique
# lowest rank non-unique
#


¹Note that there are no trash 3s at this point. If there were at least one trash 3 (e.g. {{hw|3}} were played or already marked somewhere), Bob should only make this conclusion after discarding his unmarked card, to check that a 3 fix was not given due to bad touch.
}}
<!--
{{infoBoxes3 |maxWidth=400 |state=collapsed |titleAlign=left
|title1=Example 1: chop-focus play
|body1= Discarded: {{hr|2}}{{hw|2}}
* Bob has discarded a playable {{hw|2}}.
* Alice to Bob: this card is a 2.
* The conventional move is for Bob to save his 2 as '''either''' {{hr|2}} or {{hw|2}}.
* But the context contradicts this: Alice and Cathy would not allow him to discard {{hw|2}} unless there is a 2nd copy visible.


# Bob plays his


Where all non-unique future-playable cards are visible player has
|title2=Example 2: Prompt extraction
|body2={{hTable|||||1}}


When there is no gain in returning a card playable in the future - either the immediate flamboyant will play from discard pile or , the decision of which trash card to replace into the deck can be a clue in itself corresponding to the slot position of a player.
general case for directly clued finesse position?
When playing with black powder and 4 or 5 players, replacing an available 5k trash card indicates no playable card is visible.


with more stringent bluffs we get layered, and it is the most enjoyable part of the game for many
|title4=Example 4: timing
|body4={{hTable|||||1}}


== {{pill|2 players|bg1=#aff|bg2=#cfd}} ==
* Bob has just discarded {{hw|4}}
# Alice to Cathy: this card is white.
#:{{cardholder|{{HBack|5|{{r}}|n=}}{{HBack|5|{{y}}|n=}}{{HBack|4|{{w}}|c=}}{{HBack}} |Bob 🡲}} {{cardholder|{{hk}}{{hk}}{{hw|3|c=}}{{hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}
#* '''Convention''' ⇒ '''prompt''' the '''marked''' white card.
#* '''Context''' ⇒ '''finesse''' the '''unmarked''' card.
#** ''The marked white card is {{hw|4}}''.


=== When to discard a unique card ===
#:{{cardholder|{{hr|5|n=}}{{hk|5|n=}}{{hw|4|c=}}{{hw|2}} |Bob 🡲}} {{cardholder|{{hk}}{{hk}}{{hw|3|c=}}{{hk}} |Cathy 🡲}}


==== Without 5 flamboyants ====
Convention prioritises marked cards to play (prompts) before unmarked card plays (finesses), but the timing of the clue can cause an unconventional unmarked card to play even though the white card ''could be'' {{hw|2}}


* Unplayable
# Context wins ⇒ '''Bob''' plays his unmarked '''finesse position'''.
* Locked hand + {{Hclue|0}}
}}
* Locked hand + {{Hclue|1}} + unique chop
-->
Extra: Locked hand + {{Hclue|0}} + playable unique chop = bomb unique card as a [https://en.doc.boardgamearena.com/Gamehelphanabi#Advanced positional misplay]
 
==== With 5 flamboyants ====


* There is more flexibility with losing unique cards when the pick and/or play flamboyants are still available.
{{text|[[User:Sammy_McSam/Hanabi_page_2|Page 2 >]]|s=2}}
* Flamboyants create more complexity in decision making.
* Let's focus on the cases where you can be certain of a maximum score:
 
:{{Hr|5}}{{Hy|5}}{{Hg|5}}{{Hb|5}}{{Hw}} Discarded: {{Hw|2}}{{Hw|3}}{{Hw|4}}
 
 
== {{pill|Available Tokens|bg1=#aff|bg2=#cfd}} ==
 
{{infoBox |maxWidth=650 |state=collapsed
|title=Average clue tokens per played card
|body=
Imagine the end of an <q>ideal</q> game (without flamboyants):
<hr>
{{player|3|size=2}}{{hand|5|size=2}}{{Hr|5}} {{Hy|5}} {{Hg|5}} {{Hb|5}} {{Hw|5}}<br>
 
{{card|50|size=1.5}} (deck) ➖ {{card|25|size=1.5}} (played) ➖ {{card|12|size=1.5}} ({{player|3|size=1.5}}× at least{{hand|4}}) 🟰 {{card|13|size=1.5}} discards
 
{{Hclue|13}} (discards) ➕ {{Hclue|8}} (start) ➕ {{Hclue|5}} ({{Hr|5}} {{Hy|5}} {{Hg|5}} {{Hb|5}} {{Hw|5}}) ➖ {{Hclue|1}} (last '''5''') 🟰 {{Hclue|25}}
 
{{Hclue|25}} ➗ {{card|25|size=1.5}} 🟰 {{Hclue|1}} / {{HCard}}
<hr>
{{player|5|size=2}}{{hand|4|size=2}}{{Hr|5}} {{Hy|5}} {{Hg|5}} {{Hb|5}} {{Hw|5}} ⇨ {{Hclue|22}} ➗ {{card|25|size=1.5}} 🟰 {{Hclue|.88}} / {{HCard}}
<hr>
{{player|2|size=2}}{{hand|6|size=2}}{{Hr|5}} {{Hy|5}} {{Hg|5}} {{Hb|5}} {{Hw|5}} {{Hm|5}} {{Hk|1}} ⇨ {{Hclue|39}} ➗ {{card|35|size=1.5}} 🟰 {{Hclue|1.1}} / {{HCard}}
}}

Latest revision as of 21:09, 16 September 2026

⚠ Work in progress

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Discussion

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Interpretation

In order to play cooperatively, we need to mark playable cards to get them to play at the correct time. To maximise cooperation, we need to be able to predict the possible moves of other players. The cost of being able to predict moves is to limit the number of moves

  • If a card is playable, logically we assume it will be marked by a clue before it is discarded (unless there is another copy visible).
Valid clue types (not exhaustive)
Situation Response Receiver's Interpretation Clue type
Alice clues 2 to Cathy:

blue5,with a blue 5clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,blue1,with a blue 1clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Bob 🡲

card back2,with a 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Cathy 🡲

Bob plays blue1,with a blue 1clue, connects to card back2,with a 2clue, 🟰 blue2,with a blue 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Cathy 🡲 Prompt:
  • n marked plays connect to the target
Alice clues 2 to Cathy:

blue1,with a blue 1clue,blue5,with a blue 5clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Bob 🡲

card back2,with a 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Cathy 🡲

Bob plays blue1,with a blue 1clue, connects to card back2,with a 2clue, 🟰 blue2,with a blue 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Cathy 🡲 Finesse:
  • n unmarked plays connect to the target
Alice clues 2 to Bob:

card back2,with a 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Bob 🡲

blue1,with a blue 1clue,blue5,with a blue 5clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Cathy 🡲

Bob discards must wait for ➕blue1,with a blue 1clue, Cathy🟰 blue2,with a blue 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Bob 🡲 Reversed Finesse:
  • n unmarked plays connect to the target
Cathy plays blue1,with a blue 1clue, connects to card back2,with a 2clue, 🟰 card back,with a clue,blue2,with a blue 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Bob 🡲
Alice clues 3 to Cathy:

blue1,with a blue 1clue,blue5,with a blue 5clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Bob 🡲

card back3,with a 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Cathy 🡲

blue2,with a blue 2clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Donald 🡲

Bob plays blue1,with a blue 1clue, connects to card back3,with a 3clue, ➕blue2,with a blue 2clue, Donald🟰 blue3,with a blue 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Cathy 🡲 Long Finesse:
  • n unmarked plays connect to the target
Donald plays blue2,with a blue 2clue, connects to card back3,with a 3clue, 🟰 card back,with a clue,blue3,with a blue 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Cathy 🡲
Alice clues b to Bob:

card back2,with a 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Bob 🡲

yellow1,with a yellow 1clue,blue1,with a blue 1clue,blue5,with a blue 5clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Cathy 🡲

Bob discards 🡆 finesse ➕yellow1,with a yellow 1clue,blue1,with a blue 1clue, Cathy🟰 card back,with a clue,blue2,with a blue 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Bob 🡲 Layered Finesse:
  • n unmarked plays don't connect to the target
  • n unmarked plays connect to the target
Cathy plays yellow1,with a yellow 1clue, looking for blue1,with a blue 1clue, ➕blue1,with a blue 1clue, Cathy🟰 card back,with a clue,blue2,with a blue 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Bob 🡲
Cathy plays blue1,with a blue 1clue, connects to card back2,with a 2clue, 🟰 card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,blue2,with a blue 2clue,card back,with a clue, Bob 🡲
Alice clues 2 to Cathy:

yellow1,with a yellow 1clue,blue1,with a blue 1clue,blue5,with a blue 5clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Bob 🡲

card back2,with a 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Cathy 🡲

Bob plays yellow1,with a yellow 1clue, connects to card back2,with a 2clue, ➕blue1,with a blue 1clue, Bob🟰 blue2,with a blue 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Cathy 🡲 Clandestine Layered Finesse:
  • n unmarked plays appear to connect to the target
  • n unmarked plays connect to the target
Cathy discards must wait for ➕blue1,with a blue 1clue, Bob🟰 card back,with a clue,blue2,with a blue 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Cathy 🡲
Bob plays blue1,with a blue 1clue, connects to blue2,with a blue 2clue, 🟰 card back,with a clue,blue2,with a blue 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Cathy 🡲
Alice clues b to Cathy:

red1,with a red 1clue,blue5,with a blue 5clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Bob 🡲

card back2,with a 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Cathy 🡲

Bob plays red1,with a red 1clue, as blue1,with a blue 1clue, 🟰 blue2,with a blue 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Cathy 🡲 Bluff:
  • 1 unmarked play doesn't connect to the target

⚠ All bluff targets must be one card away from playable

Alice clues 2 to Cathy:

cards in the deckred2yellow2green2blue1white2multicolorblack powder

Discarded: blue2,with a blue 2clue,

blue2,with a blue 2clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Bob 🡲

card back2,with a 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Cathy 🡲

Bob plays blue2,with a blue 2clue, as card back2,with a 2clue, Trash Finesse:
  • All targets are known to the receiver as unplayable before the first response.
  • n unmarked plays as if it were clued directly with the same clue
Alice clues 2 to Bob:

cards in the deckred2yellow2green2blue1white2multicolorblack powder

Discarded: blue2,with a blue 2clue,

card back2,with a 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Bob 🡲

yellow3,with a yellow 3clue,blue2,with a blue 2clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Cathy 🡲

Bob discards card back2,with a 2clue, 🡆 finesse ➕yellow3,with a yellow 3clue,blue2,with a blue 2clue, Cathy Layered Trash Finesse:
  • All targets are known to the receiver as unplayable before the first response.
  • n unmarked plays don't connect to the clue
  • 1 unmarked play connects to the clue
Cathy plays yellow3,with a yellow 3clue, looking for blue2,with a blue 2clue, ➕blue2,with a blue 2clue, Cathy
Cathy plays blue2,with a blue 2clue, as card back2,with a 2clue,
Alice clues 1 to Cathy:

cards in the deckred1yellowgreenbluewhitemulticolorblack powder

red2,with a red 2clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Bob 🡲

card back1,with a 1clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Cathy 🡲

Bob plays red2,with a red 2clue, 🟰 red1,with a red 1clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Cathy 🡲 Trash Bluff:
  • 1 unmarked play reveals the target is unplayable

⚠ Black powder: all bluff targets must be revealed to be trash and not lead to a promise bluff misinterpretation.

Alice clues 3 to Donald:

blue5,with a blue 5clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,blue1,with a blue 1clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Bob 🡲

blue2,with a blue 2clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Cathy 🡲

card back3,with a 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲

Bob plays blue1,with a blue 1clue, connects to card back3,with a 3clue, ➕blue2,with a blue 2clue, Cathy🟰 blue3,with a blue 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲 Prompt + Finesse:
  • n marked plays connect to the target
  • n unmarked plays connect to the target
Cathy plays blue2,with a blue 2clue,. connects to blue3,with a blue 3clue, 🟰 blue3,with a blue 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲
Alice clues 3 to Donald:

blue5,with a blue 5clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,blue1,with a blue 1clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Bob 🡲

red1,with a red 1clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Cathy 🡲

card back3,with a 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲

Bob plays blue1,with a blue 1clue, connects to card back3,with a 3clue, 🟰 blue3,with a blue 3clue,blue2,with a blue 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲 Prompt + Bluff:
  • n marked plays connect to the target
  • 1 unmarked play doesn't connect to the target

⚠ This clue type is dangerous because Bob may not cooperate and try to bluff red1,with a red 1clue, himself before responding to blue3,with a blue 3clue,.

Cathy plays red1,with a red 1clue, as blue2,with a blue 2clue, ➖ blue2,with a blue 2clue, 🟰 blue3,with a blue 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲
Alice clues 3 to Donald:

blue1,with a blue 1clue,blue5,with a blue 5clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Bob 🡲

red1,with a red 1clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Cathy 🡲

card back3,with a 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲

Bob plays blue1,with a blue 1clue, connects to card back3,with a 3clue, 🟰 blue3,with a blue 3clue,blue2,with a blue 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲 Finesse + Bluff:
  • n unmarked plays connect to the target
  • 1 unmarked play doesn't connect to the target
Cathy plays red1,with a red 1clue, as blue2,with a blue 2clue, ➖ blue2,with a blue 2clue, 🟰 blue3,with a blue 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲
Alice clues b to Donald:

red1,with a red 1clue,blue5,with a blue 5clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Bob 🡲

blue2,with a blue 2clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Cathy 🡲

card back3,with a 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲

Bob plays red1,with a red 1clue, as blue1,with a blue 1clue, ➕blue2,with a blue 2clue, Cathy🟰 blue3,with a blue 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲 Promise Bluff:
  • 1 unmarked play doesn't connect to the target
  • n unmarked promises connect to the target
    (in the finesse position of at least one player)
🟰 blue2,with a blue 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲 Bluff:
  • 1 unmarked play doesn't connect to the target
Alice clues 4 to Donald:

blue1,with a blue 1clue,blue5,with a blue 5clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Bob 🡲

red1,with a red 1clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Cathy 🡲

card back4,with a 4clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲

Bob plays blue1,with a blue 1clue, connects to card back4,with a 4clue, 🟰 blue4,with a blue 4clue,blue2,with a blue 2clue,blue3,with a blue 3clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲 Finesse + Promise Bluff:
  • n marked plays connect to the target
  • 1 unmarked play doesn't connect to the target
  • n unmarked promises connect to the target
    (in the finesse position of at least one player)
Cathy plays red1,with a red 1clue, as blue2,with a blue 2clue, ➖ blue2,with a blue 2clue, 🟰 blue4,with a blue 4clue,blue3,with a blue 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲
Alice clues 2 to Donald:

blue1,with a blue 1clue,blue5,with a blue 5clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Bob 🡲

red1,with a red 1clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Cathy 🡲

card back2,with a 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲

Bob plays blue1,with a blue 1clue, connects to card back2,with a 2clue, 🟰 blue2,with a blue 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲 Double Bluff:
  • 1 unmarked play appears to connect to the target
  • 1 unmarked play reveals neither connect to the target
Cathy plays red1,with a red 1clue, as blue2,with a blue 2clue, ➖ blue2,with a blue 2clue, 🟰 card2,with a Hanabi card 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲
Alice clues 3 to Emily:

blue1,with a blue 1clue,blue5,with a blue 5clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Bob 🡲

blue2,with a blue 2clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Cathy 🡲

red1,with a red 1clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Donald 🡲

card back3,with a 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Emily 🡲

Bob plays blue1,with a blue 1clue, connects to card back3,with a 3clue, ➕blue2,with a blue 2clue, Cathy🟰 blue3,with a blue 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Emily 🡲 Triple Bluff:
  • 2 unmarked plays appear to connect to the target
  • 1 unmarked play reveals none connect to the target
Cathy plays blue2,with a blue 2clue, as blue2,with a blue 2clue, 🟰 blue3,with a blue 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Emily 🡲
Donald plays red1,with a red 1clue, as blue3,with a blue 3clue, ➖ blue3,with a blue 3clue, 🟰 card3,with a Hanabi card 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Emily 🡲
Alice clues 2 to Donald:

blue1,with a blue 1clue,blue5,with a blue 5clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Bob 🡲

red1,with a red 1clue,black powder4,with a black powder 4clue,black powder3,with a black powder 3clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Cathy 🡲

card back2,with a 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲

Bob plays blue1,with a blue 1clue, connects to card back2,with a 2clue, 🟰 blue2,with a blue 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲 Double Promise Bluff:
  • 1 unmarked play appears to connect to the target
  • 1 unmarked play reveals neither connect to the target
  • n unmarked promises connect to the target
    (in the finesse position of at least one player)
Cathy plays red1,with a red 1clue, as blue2,with a blue 2clue, ➕black powder4,with a black powder 4clue,black powder3,with a black powder 3clue, Cathy 🟰 black powder2,with a black powder 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲
➖ blue2,with a blue 2clue, 🟰 card2,with a Hanabi card 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Donald 🡲 Double Bluff:
  • 1 unmarked play appears to connect to the target
  • 1 unmarked play reveals neither connect to the target
Alice clues 2 to Emily:

black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Bob 🡲

multicolour1,with a multicolour 1clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Cathy 🡲

multicolour2,with a multicolour 2clue,blue1,with a blue 1clue,blue5,with a blue 5clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Donald 🡲

card back2,with a 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Emily 🡲

Bob discards 🡆 finesse ➕multicolour1,with a multicolour 1clue, Cathy 🟰 multicolour2,with a multicolour 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Emily 🡲 Patch Finesse:
  • Bob does not respond
  • n unmarked plays don't connect to the target
  • n unmarked plays connect to the target
Cathy plays multicolour1,with a multicolour 1clue, connects to card back2,with a 2clue, 🟰 multicolour2,with a multicolour 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Emily 🡲
Donald plays multicolour2,with a multicolour 2clue, disconnects card back2,with a 2clue, ➕blue1,with a blue 1clue, Donald 🟰 blue2,with a blue 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Emily 🡲
Donald plays blue1,with a blue 1clue, connects to card back2,with a 2clue, 🟰 blue2,with a blue 2clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue, Emily 🡲

Quiz: valid or invalid?

Quadruple bluff (i.e. none of the four blind plays actually connect to the bluff target)
✅ The first three blind plays will connect to each other and the last blind play reveals the clued card is not the next card in the sequence.
Bluff + Finesse
❌ Bob would not respond if he sees the next connecting card.
Bluff + Prompt
❌ Bob would not respond if he sees the next connecting card.
Double bluff + Finesse
❌ Bob would not respond if he sees the next connecting card.
Double Promise bluff
✅ Only with:
  • number clue (otherwise it would be read as finesse + bluff) and
  • black powder (otherwise it would be read as double bluff).
Reverse bluff
✅ Only when Bob is unable to respond (e.g. they must respond to a previous clue or give a fix clue.
There are other more complex contextual exceptions to this e.g. Bob must scream or generate a token for another player, but let's not discuss that here winking smile​.
Example: Reverse bluff when Bob is busy
Known bluff (when Bob cannot have the connecting card)
✅ If Bob does not respond, someone else will (and bomb).
Example: Known bluff
Trash promise bluff
❌ What nonesense is this..


Extraction

It is possible to extract a card that is 'blocked' by an unplayable card using two clues.

  1. Clue the target with colour.
  2. Clue the target with number.
Example 1: avalanche
cards in the deckredyellow1greenbluewhitemulticolorblack powder

white5,with a white 5clue,yellow4,with a yellow 4clue,red3,with a red 3clue,green5,with a green 5clue, Bob 🡲 white4,with a white 4clue,green4,with a green 4clue,multicolour2,with a multicolour 2clue,yellow2,with a yellow 2clue, Cathy 🡲

  • Avalanche of colors option is on, so multicolour cards are marked by any colour clue.
  • Cathy's yellow2,with a yellow 2clue, should play before it is discarded.
  • The focus of a 2 clue on its own will be multicolour2,with a multicolour 2clue, and the focus of a yellow clue will also be multicolour2,with a multicolour 2clue,.
  • Alice to Cathy: these 2 cards are yellow.

cards in the deckredyellow1greenbluewhitemulticolorblack powder white5,with a white 5clue,yellow4,with a yellow 4clue,red3,with a red 3clue,green5,with a green 5clue, Bob 🡲 white4,with a white 4clue,green4,with a green 4clue,multicolour2,with a 1 2clue,yellow2,with a yellow 2clue, Cathy 🡲

  • Bob to Cathy: these 2 cards are 2s - this fix clue changes the focus from the left 2 to the other 2.

cards in the deckredyellow1greenbluewhitemulticolorblack powder white5,with a white 5clue,yellow4,with a yellow 4clue,red3,with a red 3clue,green5,with a green 5clue, Bob 🡲 white4,with a white 4clue,green4,with a green 4clue,multicolour2,with a 1 2clue,yellow2,with a yellow 2clue, Cathy 🡲

  • Note: if a multicolour card is the intended target of a play clue, the clearest clue would be a colour that does not splash any other card.
Example 2: 5 colors
cards in the deckredyellowgreenbluewhite1multicolorblack powder
extract white2,with a white 2clue,:
  1. Alice to Cathy: these 2 cards are white.
    • Focus is left.
    card back2,with a 2clue,card back3,with a 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back2,with a 2clue, Cathy 🡲 red2,with a red 2clue,white3,with a white 3clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,white2,with a white 2clue, Cathy 🡲
  2. Bob to Cathy: these 2 cards are 2s.
    • Changes focus from left to right.
    card back2,with a 2clue,card back3,with a 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back2,with a 2clue, Cathy 🡲 red2,with a red 2clue,white3,with a white 3clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,white2,with a white 2clue, Cathy 🡲
Example 3: avalanche
cards in the deckredyellowgreenbluewhite1multicolorblack powder
extract white2,with a white 2clue, with avalanche:
  1. Alice to Cathy: these 3 cards are white.
    • Focus is left.
    card back2,with a 2clue,card back3,with a 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back2,with a 2clue, Cathy 🡲 multicolour2,with a white 2clue,white3,with a white 3clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,white2,with a white 2clue, Cathy 🡲
  2. Bob to Cathy: these 2 cards are 2s.
    • Changes focus from left to right.
    card back2,with a 2clue,card back3,with a 3clue,card back,with a clue,card back2,with a 2clue, Cathy 🡲 multicolour2,with a white 2clue,white3,with a white 3clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,white2,with a white 2clue, Cathy 🡲

Since black powder can't be clued with colour, extraction is a little different:

  1. Clue the target with number.
  2. Clue the card to the left of the target with colour.
Example 4: black powder
cards in the deckredyellowgreenbluewhitemulticolorblack powder3
extract black powder2,with a black powder 2clue,:
  1. Alice to Cathy: these 3 cards are 2s.
    • Focus is left.
    card back2,with a 2clue,card back2,with a 2clue,card back2,with a 2clue,card back,with a clue, Cathy 🡲 yellow2,with a yellow 2clue,red2,with a red 2clue,black powder2,with a black powder 2clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Cathy 🡲
  2. Bob to Cathy: this card is red.
    • Changes focus from left to right.
    card back2,with a 2clue,card back2,with a 2clue,card back2,with a 2clue,card back,with a clue, Cathy 🡲 yellow2,with a yellow 2clue,red2,with a red 2clue,black powder2,with a black powder 2clue,black powder,with a black powder clue, Cathy 🡲

Why extraction works

  1. Alice gives a white colour clue to indicate to Bob that she is giving a play clue to Cathy.
  2. Bob has one job: don't let Cathy bomb. He sees that one of Cathy's marked white cards is playable, so he understands that he just has to help Cathy play the correct card:
  • If the leftmost white card is playable, Bob does not need to do anything.
  • If the leftmost white card is not playable, Bob needs to help with a follow-up fix clue.

Why colour before number?

  • In each colour, only one card can be playable (two with avalanche), whereas there can be many playable cards of a certain number. So Alice singles out one colour to help Bob know her intention is for him to help Cathy play the correct card.
  • A colour clue can mark a chop card without looking like a save.

How do I know it's not a finesse?

  • The leftmost card may be 1-away-from-playable.

But if Bob can see that one of the cards Alice marked with colour is playable, he will prefer to give a fix clue and not blind play his finesse position.

  • As Bob, consider the choice of clue:
    • if Alice wanted to finesse 2b with a playable 1m in front, why skip players to give specifically a blue clue (why not another colour or number)?
    • if Alice wanted to finesse 4k with a playable 4r in front, why skip players to give specficially a 4 clue (why not red)?

The everlasting exception: context

Context > convention and can cause an unconventional move!

Think carefully about:

  1. timing (why now?),
  2. negative clues (e.g. "not red"),
  3. recently discarded cards,
  4. unique cards,
  5. tokens needed for saves or other plays

Examples

blue2,with a blue 2clue,multicolour1,with a multicolour 1clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,Cathy 🡲 multicolour1,with a multicolour 1clue,blue2,with a blue 2clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,Cathy 🡲

Played: yellow2,with a yellow 2clue, card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back5,with a 5clue,card back5,with a 5clue,Bob 🡲 yellow4,with a yellow 4clue,black powder4,with a black powder 4clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,Cathy 🡲

card back,with a clue,card back,with a clue,card back5,with a 5clue,card back5,with a 5clue,Bob 🡲 yellow4,with a yellow 4clue,black powder4,with a black powder 4clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,black powder,with a black powder clue,Cathy 🡲

  • Alice clues 4s to Cathy. How should Bob respond?
Answer
With no context, the interpretation falls to the fewest blind plays: i.e. prefer to play the marked card back5,with a 5clue, as yellow3,with a yellow 3clue, rather than slot 1 as black powder5,with a black powder 5clue,.
What context could change this interpretation?
Some possible answers:
  1. Bob has negative 3.
  2. Bob had yellow2,with a yellow 2clue, which was marked with number 2 instead of a number 3 fix, and either:
    1. Bob did not discard what would have been a trash 3
    2. yellow4,with a yellow 4clue, was discarded when it could have easily been marked to prompt yellow3,with a yellow 3clue,

In this game the context was 2.1: On move 23 a fix clue was given with number 2 instead of 3, Bob can know that their card back5,with a 5clue, is not yellow3,with a yellow 3clue, (else the fix should be 3¹, not 2). This is why it is important for each player to pay attention to how their own cards are fixed (and what cards they discard afterwards).

¹Note that there are no trash 3s at this point. If there were at least one trash 3 (e.g. white3,with a white 3clue, were played or already marked somewhere), Bob should only make this conclusion after discarding his unmarked card, to check that a 3 fix was not given due to bad touch.

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