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'''World War II''' or the '''Second World War''' (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all the world's countries—including all the great powers—participated, with many investing all available economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities in pursuit of total war, blurring the distinction between military and civilian resources. Tanks and aircraft played major roles, with the latter enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was the deadliest conflict in history, resulting in 70 to 85 million fatalities, more than half of which were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust of European Jews, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. Following the Allied powers' victory, Germany, Austria, Japan, and Korea were occupied, and war crimes tribunals were conducted against German and Japanese leaders.
==Turn Structure==


The causes of World War II included unresolved tensions in the aftermath of World War I and the rises of fascism in Europe and militarism in Japan, and it was preceded by events including the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, Spanish Civil War, outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, and German annexations of Austria and the Sudetenland. World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 September 1939, when Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. The United Kingdom and France declared war on Germany on 3 September. Under their Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Germany and the Soviet Union had partitioned Poland and marked out "spheres of influence" across Eastern Europe; in 1940, the Soviets annexed the Baltic states and parts of Finland and Romania. After the fall of France in June 1940, the war continued primarily between Germany and the British Empire, with campaigns in North and East Africa and the Balkans, the aerial Battle of Britain and the Blitz of the UK, and the naval Battle of the Atlantic. By mid-1941, through a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany occupied or controlled much of continental Europe and had formed the Axis alliance with Italy, Japan, and other countries. In June 1941, Germany led the European Axis in an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the Eastern Front.
Each round represents a generation of Mars's development & colonization. At the start of each round, the "first player token" moves to the next player. Each generation, players perform the following steps:


Japan aimed to dominate East Asia and the Asia-Pacific, and by 1937 was at war with the Republic of China. In December 1941, Japan attacked American and British territories in Southeast Asia and the Central Pacific, including an attack on Pearl Harbor, which resulted in the United States and the United Kingdom declaring war against Japan. The European Axis powers declared war on the US in solidarity. Japan soon conquered much of the western Pacific, but its advances were halted in 1942 after its defeat in the naval Battle of Midway; Germany and Italy were defeated in North Africa and at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union. Key setbacks in 1943—including German defeats on the Eastern Front, the Allied invasions of Sicily and the Italian mainland, and Allied offensives in the Pacific—cost the Axis powers their initiative and forced them into strategic retreat on all fronts. In 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France at Normandy, while the Soviet Union regained its territorial losses and pushed Germany and its allies westward. In 1944 and 1945, Japan suffered reversals in mainland Asia, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key western Pacific islands. The war in Europe concluded with the liberation of German-occupied territories; the invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union, culminating in the fall of Berlin to Soviet troops; Hitler's suicide; and the German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945. Following the refusal of Japan to surrender on the terms of the Potsdam Declaration, the US dropped the first atomic bombs on Hiroshima on 6 August and Nagasaki on 9 August. Faced with imminent invasion of the Japanese archipelago, the possibility of more atomic bombings, and the Soviet declaration of war against Japan and its invasion of Manchuria, Japan announced its unconditional surrender on 15 August and signed a surrender document on 2 September 1945, marking the end of the conflict.
<ol class="bulletlist" style="margin:1em 0;padding-inline-start:40px;">
  <li>'''Research''': Draw 4 cards. Add any number of them to your hand for 3 M€ each, then discard the rest. (No hand limit.)</li>
  <li>'''Actions''':  Take 1-2 actions from the list below. Continue in turn order until all players have passed.</li>
  <ul class="bulletlist" style="padding-inline-start:40px;">
    <li>Play a card from your hand.</li>
    <li>Execute a ''standard project''.</li>
    <li>Claim a milestone.</li>
    <li>Fund an award.</li>
    <li>Use a Blue Card action (each may be used once per generation).</li>
    <li>Spend 8 plants to place a greenery tile. (This increases the oxygen level and your Terraform Rating).</li>
    <li>Spend 8 heat to increase the temperature by 1 degree. (This also increases your Terraform Rating).</li>
    <li>Pass. If you pass, you will not be able to take any more actions for the round. Usually, you do this when you cannot take further actions. When all players have passed, the round ends.</li>
  </ul>
  <li>'''Production''': Convert unspent energy into heat. All players gain resources according to their production values and M€ equal to their Terraform Rating + M€ production value.</li>
</ol>


World War II changed the political alignment and social structure of the world, and it set the foundation of international relations for the rest of the 20th century and into the 21st century. The United Nations was established to foster international cooperation and prevent conflicts, with the victorious great powers—China, France, the Soviet Union, the UK, and the US—becoming the permanent members of its security council. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War. In the wake of European devastation, the influence of its great powers waned, triggering the decolonisation of Africa and Asia. Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery and expansion.
==== Playing Cards ====
 
To play a card, you must pay its cost in M€. (Other cards may be able to reduce this cost.) In some cases, resources can be spent instead of M€.
 
<ul class="bulletlist" style="margin:1em 0;padding-inline-start:40px;">
  <li>1 Steel = 2 M€ to pay for any ''Building'' card (brown building icon)</li>
  <li>1 Titanium = 3 M€ to pay for any ''Space'' card (gold sunburst icon)</li>
</ul>
 
Some cards have requirements, such as:
 
<ul class="bulletlist" style="margin:1em 0;padding-inline-start:40px;">
  <li>Global parameters (# of oceans, oxygen, temperature must be above or below a certain level)</li>
  <li># of Tags of a given type in play. Tags appear on the top of played cards in your tableau. (BGA also displays them in numbers.)</li>
  <li>Ability to produce a specific resource (like titanium).</li>
</ul>
 
Once the cost is paid, then you gain the benefits and effects of the card (e.g., gain resources, increase/decrease production values). If a production value change has a red border (usually a negative effect), you can apply it to another player or no one.
 
After the card is played, it moves to one of three areas on your board. (You can change how these areas are arranged by clicking on the "three bars" icon.)
 
<ul class="bulletlist" style="margin:1em 0;padding-inline-start:40px;">
  <li>'''Red cards''' have one-time effects. They do not contribute tags so they are automatically hidden, but may be worth VP.</li>
  <li>'''Green cards''' have one-time effects, but their tags add to your tableau (which can help you play other cards) and may be worth VP.</li>
  <li>'''Blue cards''' have either an ongoing passive effect or an action you can take on your turn.</li>
</ul>
 
==== Standard Projects ====
 
Standard projects are always available as an action. Most involve placing tiles on the Mars board. If a tile is placed in a hex with resource icons, the player gains those resources. You also gain 2M€ per Ocean tile adjacent to the placed tile.
 
You can also raise the temperature by spending heat or plants instead of M€.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:auto;" border="2"
!| Name || Cost || Description || Notes
|-
| '''Sell Patents''' || Discard a card || Each discarded card gains you 1 M€. ||
|-
| '''Power Plant''' || 11 M€ || Increase your energy production by one step. ||
|-
| '''Asteroid''' || 14 M€ || Increase temperature by 1 degree. Increase your TR by 1. ||
|-
| '''Aquifer''' || 18 M€ || Place 1 Ocean tile. Increase your TR by 1. || Oceans do not belong to any player.
|-
| '''Greenery''' || 23 M€ || Place 1 Greenery tile, which raises the oxygen level by 1%. Increase your TR by 1. || Greenery tiles must be placed next to another tile you own.
|-
| '''City''' || 25 M€ || Place 1 City tile. Increase your M€ production by 1. || Cities may not be placed adjacent to each other (except for Noctis City, which is placed on its reserved hex, and ''Urbanized Area'', which must be placed next to 2 City tiles.)
|}
 
==== Milestones and Awards ====
 
Milestones and awards are the competitive aspect of ''Terraforming Mars''. The first player to meet a certain milestone gains its benefits. Awards are given at the end of the game.
 
Pay 8 M€ to claim a Milestone for which you have met the requirements. Each milestone is worth 5 VP, but only 3 milestones may be claimed per game. The Milestones available depend on the map.
 
For Awards, the first Award funded costs 8 M€, the next costs 14 M€, and the last costs 20 M€. Only three Awards may be funded per game. When scoring, BGA checks each funded award and gives VP to the first and second-place players that meet its criteria. The player who funded the award receives no special consideration.
 
==Game End and Scoring ==
 
The game ends when the oxygen level reaches 14%, 9 Ocean tiles are on the map, and the temperature is 8˚C. The current generation/round ends. All players have one final turn to convert extra plants into one or more greenery tiles.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:auto;" border="2"
!| Source || Description
|-
| '''Terraform Rating''' || Gain VP equal to your Terrform Rating.
|-
| '''Greenery Tiles''' || Gain VP for each Greenery Tile you own.
|-
| '''City Tiles''' || Gain VP for each ''Greenery Tile adjacent to a City Tile'' you own. The owner of the Greenery Tile does not matter. The capital city also scores 1 VP for each adjacent Ocean tile.
|-
| '''Awards''' || 5 VP to the winner and 2 VP to second place. The award must be funded for it to count. (In a two-player game, second place is not awarded.)
|-
| '''Milestones''' || Gain 5 VP for each Milestone you claim.
|-
| '''Played cards''' || Gain 1 VP for each card that indicates its VP worth.
|}
 
On a tie, the player with the most M€ wins.
 
==Variants==
 
====Solo====
 
To win, you must reach the goals for each global parameter (temperature, Ocean tiles, and oxygen level).
 
<ul class="bulletlist" style="margin:1em 0;padding-inline-start:40px;">
  <li>Always uses the Corporate Era setup. (All Corporate Era cards are included.) </li>
  <li>Before the game starts, 2 neutral City tiles are placed on the map, each with an adjacent greenery tile. These tiles do not increase the oxygen level. </li>
  <li>Starting Terraform Rating is 14 instead of 20. You do not have extra production of resources.</li>
  <li>Awards and Milestones are not used.</li>
  <li>You can steal from a neutral opponent or reduce its resources and production.</li>
  <li>The game ends after 14 generations (rounds), regardless of whether the temperature, ocean tiles, or oxygen levels meet their goals.
</ul>
 
====Options====
 
<ul class="bulletlist" style="margin:1em 0;padding-inline-start:40px;">
  <li>'''Draft Enabled''': Cards are drafted among all players during the Research phase instead of bought.</li>
  <li>'''Beginner Corporations''': Beginner Corporations start with 42 M€ and receive 10 cards without needing to spend money. (Recommended for beginner players only)</li>
  <li>'''Corporate Era''': Choose a corporation card at the beginning. Each gives a different benefit. All productions start at 0.</li>
  <li>'''Prelude Expansion''': Includes Prelude cards (player chooses 2 out of 4), extra project cards, and extra corporations.</li>
  <li>'''Colonies Expansion''': Includes Colony tiles with fleets, extra project cards, and extra corporations.</li>
  <li>'''Map'''
    <ul class="bulletlist" style="padding-inline-start:40px;">
      <li>''Tharsis'': Base map, focuses on urban development and oxygen production</li>
      <li>''Elysium'': Large ocean area and unique placement bonuses</li>
      <li>''Hellas'': Depicts the south pole and relies on heat and water</li>
      <li>''Vastitas Borealis'': Features frozen carbon dioxide that can increase temperature</li>
      <li>''Amazonis Planitia'': Large map designed for 4-5 players with higher Milestone requirements</li>
    </ul></li>
  <li>'''Realtime Scoring''': Player's scores are shown during the game.</li>
  <li>'''Multi-step undo support (Experimental)''': Allows player to undo actions one-by-one, instead of restarting the Actions phase</li>
</ul>

Latest revision as of 18:58, 11 February 2026

Turn Structure

Each round represents a generation of Mars's development & colonization. At the start of each round, the "first player token" moves to the next player. Each generation, players perform the following steps:

  1. Research: Draw 4 cards. Add any number of them to your hand for 3 M€ each, then discard the rest. (No hand limit.)
  2. Actions: Take 1-2 actions from the list below. Continue in turn order until all players have passed.
    • Play a card from your hand.
    • Execute a standard project.
    • Claim a milestone.
    • Fund an award.
    • Use a Blue Card action (each may be used once per generation).
    • Spend 8 plants to place a greenery tile. (This increases the oxygen level and your Terraform Rating).
    • Spend 8 heat to increase the temperature by 1 degree. (This also increases your Terraform Rating).
    • Pass. If you pass, you will not be able to take any more actions for the round. Usually, you do this when you cannot take further actions. When all players have passed, the round ends.
  3. Production: Convert unspent energy into heat. All players gain resources according to their production values and M€ equal to their Terraform Rating + M€ production value.

Playing Cards

To play a card, you must pay its cost in M€. (Other cards may be able to reduce this cost.) In some cases, resources can be spent instead of M€.

  • 1 Steel = 2 M€ to pay for any Building card (brown building icon)
  • 1 Titanium = 3 M€ to pay for any Space card (gold sunburst icon)

Some cards have requirements, such as:

  • Global parameters (# of oceans, oxygen, temperature must be above or below a certain level)
  • # of Tags of a given type in play. Tags appear on the top of played cards in your tableau. (BGA also displays them in numbers.)
  • Ability to produce a specific resource (like titanium).

Once the cost is paid, then you gain the benefits and effects of the card (e.g., gain resources, increase/decrease production values). If a production value change has a red border (usually a negative effect), you can apply it to another player or no one.

After the card is played, it moves to one of three areas on your board. (You can change how these areas are arranged by clicking on the "three bars" icon.)

  • Red cards have one-time effects. They do not contribute tags so they are automatically hidden, but may be worth VP.
  • Green cards have one-time effects, but their tags add to your tableau (which can help you play other cards) and may be worth VP.
  • Blue cards have either an ongoing passive effect or an action you can take on your turn.

Standard Projects

Standard projects are always available as an action. Most involve placing tiles on the Mars board. If a tile is placed in a hex with resource icons, the player gains those resources. You also gain 2M€ per Ocean tile adjacent to the placed tile.

You can also raise the temperature by spending heat or plants instead of M€.

Name Cost Description Notes
Sell Patents Discard a card Each discarded card gains you 1 M€.
Power Plant 11 M€ Increase your energy production by one step.
Asteroid 14 M€ Increase temperature by 1 degree. Increase your TR by 1.
Aquifer 18 M€ Place 1 Ocean tile. Increase your TR by 1. Oceans do not belong to any player.
Greenery 23 M€ Place 1 Greenery tile, which raises the oxygen level by 1%. Increase your TR by 1. Greenery tiles must be placed next to another tile you own.
City 25 M€ Place 1 City tile. Increase your M€ production by 1. Cities may not be placed adjacent to each other (except for Noctis City, which is placed on its reserved hex, and Urbanized Area, which must be placed next to 2 City tiles.)

Milestones and Awards

Milestones and awards are the competitive aspect of Terraforming Mars. The first player to meet a certain milestone gains its benefits. Awards are given at the end of the game.

Pay 8 M€ to claim a Milestone for which you have met the requirements. Each milestone is worth 5 VP, but only 3 milestones may be claimed per game. The Milestones available depend on the map.

For Awards, the first Award funded costs 8 M€, the next costs 14 M€, and the last costs 20 M€. Only three Awards may be funded per game. When scoring, BGA checks each funded award and gives VP to the first and second-place players that meet its criteria. The player who funded the award receives no special consideration.

Game End and Scoring

The game ends when the oxygen level reaches 14%, 9 Ocean tiles are on the map, and the temperature is 8˚C. The current generation/round ends. All players have one final turn to convert extra plants into one or more greenery tiles.

Source Description
Terraform Rating Gain VP equal to your Terrform Rating.
Greenery Tiles Gain VP for each Greenery Tile you own.
City Tiles Gain VP for each Greenery Tile adjacent to a City Tile you own. The owner of the Greenery Tile does not matter. The capital city also scores 1 VP for each adjacent Ocean tile.
Awards 5 VP to the winner and 2 VP to second place. The award must be funded for it to count. (In a two-player game, second place is not awarded.)
Milestones Gain 5 VP for each Milestone you claim.
Played cards Gain 1 VP for each card that indicates its VP worth.

On a tie, the player with the most M€ wins.

Variants

Solo

To win, you must reach the goals for each global parameter (temperature, Ocean tiles, and oxygen level).

  • Always uses the Corporate Era setup. (All Corporate Era cards are included.)
  • Before the game starts, 2 neutral City tiles are placed on the map, each with an adjacent greenery tile. These tiles do not increase the oxygen level.
  • Starting Terraform Rating is 14 instead of 20. You do not have extra production of resources.
  • Awards and Milestones are not used.
  • You can steal from a neutral opponent or reduce its resources and production.
  • The game ends after 14 generations (rounds), regardless of whether the temperature, ocean tiles, or oxygen levels meet their goals.

Options

  • Draft Enabled: Cards are drafted among all players during the Research phase instead of bought.
  • Beginner Corporations: Beginner Corporations start with 42 M€ and receive 10 cards without needing to spend money. (Recommended for beginner players only)
  • Corporate Era: Choose a corporation card at the beginning. Each gives a different benefit. All productions start at 0.
  • Prelude Expansion: Includes Prelude cards (player chooses 2 out of 4), extra project cards, and extra corporations.
  • Colonies Expansion: Includes Colony tiles with fleets, extra project cards, and extra corporations.
  • Map
    • Tharsis: Base map, focuses on urban development and oxygen production
    • Elysium: Large ocean area and unique placement bonuses
    • Hellas: Depicts the south pole and relies on heat and water
    • Vastitas Borealis: Features frozen carbon dioxide that can increase temperature
    • Amazonis Planitia: Large map designed for 4-5 players with higher Milestone requirements
  • Realtime Scoring: Player's scores are shown during the game.
  • Multi-step undo support (Experimental): Allows player to undo actions one-by-one, instead of restarting the Actions phase
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